Suicide death, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: Diabetes has been indicated to be a risk factor for suicide. We aim to estimate the prevalence of suicide in patients with diabetes. DESIGN: A meta-analysis using PRISMA methodology was adopted to examine the incidence of suicide in diabetic patients. DATA SOURCES: From inception to October 2022, three online databases (PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science) were used to search studies. REVIEW METHODS: We used random-effects model to analysis. And our primary outcome was the incidence of suicide death per 100 person-years, and other outcomes were prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. To explore the sources of heterogeneity in our study, we performed subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS: The suicide death rate in diabetic patients was 0.027 per 100 person-years, with a higher rate for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus compared to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The prevalence of suicidal ideation in diabetes patients was 0.175, with a higher prevalence in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus compared to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The prevalence of suicide attempts in diabetes patients was 0.033, indicating a higher rate for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus compared to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a high rate of suicide among people with diabetes, and this study identifies populations and regions at high risk for suicide. Our review emphasizes interventions in mental health and the improvement of suicide prevention programmes. IMPACT: The study investigated suicide death, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in diabetic individuals. Suicide rates are elevated among diabetic patients, and various patient groups face distinct suicide risks. It is important to prioritize the mental well-being of diabetic individuals and enhance interventions, including personalized approaches, to inform public health efforts aimed at preventing and addressing suicide among diabetic patients. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public involvement.

Exosomes derived from uMSCs promote hair regrowth in alopecia areata through accelerating human hair follicular keratinocyte proliferation and migration.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex genetic disease that results in hair loss due to an autoimmune-mediated attack on the hair follicle. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to induce hair regeneration due to their strong secretion ability and multidirectional differentiation. Recent studies have revealed that the therapeutic potential of MSCs comes from their secretion ability, which can produce large amounts of bioactive substances and regulate the key physiological functions of subjects. The secretion products of MSCs, such as vesicles, exosomes, and conditioned media, have significant advantages in preparing of biological products derived from stem cells. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) are the best choice for exosome production. uMSCs are obtained from the human umbilical cord. The umbilical cord is easy to obtain, and the efficiency of uMSCs isolation and culture higher than that of obtaining MSCs from bone marrow or adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of exosomes released from uMSCs in AA mice. In summary, due to easy isolation and cultivation, simple preparation, and convenient storage, it is possible to obtain uMSCs, or uMSCs exosomes for research and clinical treatment.

JAM-A facilitates hair follicle regeneration in alopecia areata through functioning as ceRNA to protect VCAN expression in dermal papilla cells.

The dermal papilla cells in hair follicles function as critical regulators of hair growth. In particular, alopecia areata (AA) is closely related to the malfunctioning of the human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Thus, identifying the regulatory mechanism of hDPCs is important in inducing hair follicle (HF) regeneration in AA patients. Recently, growing evidence has indicated that 3' untranslated regions (3' UTR) of key genes may participate in the regulatory circuitry underlying cell differentiation and diseases through a so-called competing endogenous mechanism, but none have been reported in HF regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that the 3' UTR of junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) could act as an essential competing endogenous RNA to maintain hDPCs function and promote HF regeneration in AA. We showed that the 3' UTR of JAM-A shares many microRNA (miRNA) response elements, especially miR-221-3p, with versican (VCAN) mRNA, and JAM-A 3' UTR could directly modulate the miRNA-mediated suppression of VCAN in self-renewing hDPCs. Furthermore, upregulated VCAN can in turn promote the expression level of JAM-A. Overall, we propose that JAM-A 3' UTR forms a feedback loop with VCAN and miR-221-3p to regulate hDPC maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation, which may lead to developing new therapies for hair loss.

Diagnostic value of autofluorescence laryngoscope in early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate the diagnostic value of autofluorescence laryngoscope (AFL) in early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. aWe also assess the value of AFL in diagnosis of early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions in comparison with that of white light laryngoscope (WL). METHODS: The databases consisting of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of science and CNKI were systematically searched to find pertinent literatures of AFL in diagnosing early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. We made a quality evaluation of every study we included using the modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). The pooled sensitivities, specificities were calculated using Meta-Disc 1.4. And we estimated the summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) and area under the curves (AUC). RESULTS: We finally included 23 studies. The results of AFL in diagnosing early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions showed higher sensitivity of 0.91 (95%CI: 0.89-0.93; χ²=43.78, p = 0.0025) and specificity of 0.80 (95%CI: 0.77-0.82; χ²=130.64, p = 0.000), and the weighted AUC of AFL was 0.948 ± 0.013 (95%CI: 0.921-0.974) and the diagnostic accuracy (Q*) was 0.887 ± 0.018. The sensitivity and specificity of WL were 0.74 (95%CI: 0.70-0.77; χ²=52.40, p = 0.000) and 0.89 (95%CI: 0.87-0.90; χ²=299.22, p = 0.000), and the weighted AUC of WL was 0.835 ± 0.029 (95%CI: 0.777-0.892) and the diagnostic accuracy (Q*) was 0.767 ± 0.027. CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis and systematic review suggested that AFL had high diagnostic value in early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions, and its diagnostic value was higher than that of WL. These results indicated that AFL can provide good guidance for the early detection of laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions.

Rapid synthesis and characterization of silver-loaded graphene oxide nanomaterials and their antibacterial applications.

With the promising potential application of Ag/graphene-based nanomaterials in medicine and engineering materials, the large-scale production has attracted great interest of researchers on the basis of green synthesis. In this study, water-soluble silver/graphene oxide (Ag/GO) nanomaterials were synthesized under ultrasound-assisted conditions. The structural characteristics of Ag/GO were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed the silver particles (AgNPs) obtained by reduction were attached to the surface of GO, and there was a strong interaction between AgNPs and GO. The antibacterial activity was primarily evaluated by the plate method and hole punching method. Antibacterial tests indicated that Ag/GO could inhibit the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, special for the Staphylococcus aureus.

Trdmt1 3'-untranslated region functions as a competing endogenous RNA in leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation

Severe blockage in myeloid differentiation is the hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Trdmt1 plays an important role in hematopoiesis. However, little is known about the function of Trdmt1 in AML cell differentiation. In the present study, Trdmt1 was up-regulated and miR-181a was down-regulated significantly during human leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation after TAT-CT3 fusion protein treatment. Accordingly, miR-181a overexpression in HL-60 cells inhibited granulocytic maturation. In addition, our "rescue" assay demonstrated that Trdmt1 3′-untranslated region promoted myeloid differentiation of HL-60 cells by sequestering miR-181a and up-regulating C/EBPα (a critical factor for normal myelopoiesis) via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity on miR-181a. These findings revealed an unrecognized role of Trdmt1 as a potential ceRNA for therapeutic targets in AML.

Trdmt1 3'-untranslated region functions as a competing endogenous RNA in leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation.

Severe blockage in myeloid differentiation is the hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Trdmt1 plays an important role in hematopoiesis. However, little is known about the function of Trdmt1 in AML cell differentiation. In the present study, Trdmt1 was up-regulated and miR-181a was down-regulated significantly during human leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation after TAT-CT3 fusion protein treatment. Accordingly, miR-181a overexpression in HL-60 cells inhibited granulocytic maturation. In addition, our "rescue" assay demonstrated that Trdmt1 3'-untranslated region promoted myeloid differentiation of HL-60 cells by sequestering miR-181a and up-regulating C/EBPα (a critical factor for normal myelopoiesis) via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity on miR-181a. These findings revealed an unrecognized role of Trdmt1 as a potential ceRNA for therapeutic targets in AML.

BACE1-AS prevents BACE1 mRNA degradation through the sequestration of BACE1-targeting miRNAs.

Abnormal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether these two types of noncoding RNAs functionally interact and which factors mediate these interactions in AD. ß-secretase 1 (BACE1) is the enzyme responsible for amyloid plaque formation, which is a central pathological feature of AD. The lncRNA BACE1-AS and some miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of BACE1. In this study, we reveal that BACE1-AS shares many miRNA-response elements with BACE1. The overexpression of BACE1-AS results in the repression of miRNAs that target BACE1, thus preventing BACE1 mRNA from being degraded. The knockdown of BACE1-AS increases the levels of these miRNAs, thereby reducing the expression of BACE1. Thus, BACE1-AS functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Our results also deepen the understanding of the regulation of BACE1 by BACE1-AS. In addition to increasing the stability of BACE1 mRNA through the formation of RNA duplexes, BACE1-AS can regulate BACE1 indirectly by acting as a ceRNA. Therefore, we propose that BACE1 functions as a ceRNA and forms a network through its associations with protein-coding genes, lncRNAs and miRNAs in the pathophysiology of AD.

Effect of Electric Current Pulse on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Iron.

The effect of electric current pulse on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron was explored. The morphology of carbides in solidification microstructure was observed by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope and the composition was determined by an electron probe micro-analyzer. The microhardness of primary carbides and corrosion resistance of samples were also compared. Under the active of electric current pulse, the microstructure of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron was homogenized and its performance improved accordingly. On treatment by electric current, the morphology of primary carbides changed from thick long rods to hexagonal blocks or granular structures. The interlayer spacing of eutectic carbide decreased from ~26.3 µm to ~17.8 µm. Size statistics showed that the average diameter of primary carbide decreased from ~220 µm to ~60 µm. As a result, microhardness increased from 1412 HV to 1511 HV. No obvious microcrack propagation was found at the microindentation sites. The average length of microcracks decreased from ~20.7 µm to ~5.7 µm. Furthermore, corrosion resistance was remarkably enhanced. The average corrosion rate decreased from 2.65 mg/cm²·h to 1.74 mg/cm²·h after pulse current treatment.

Comparative Study on Microstructural Stability of Pre-annealed Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Nickel During Pack Rolling.

Microstructural stability is an important issue for nanocrystalline materials to be practically used in many fields. The present work shows how microstructure evolves with rolling strain in pre-annealed electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel containing an initial strong fiber texture, on the basis of X-ray diffraction line profile analysis as well as transmission electron microscopy observation. The influence of shear strain on microstructural stability of the metal/roll contact interface is compared with that of the metal/metal contact interface; the latter would be closer to deformation in plane strain compression. From the statistical microstructural information, together with experimentally observed microstructure of deformed grains after the final rolling pass, it seems fair to conclude that the microstructure of the metal/metal contact interface is more stable during pack rolling than that of the metal/roll interface.

Deposition Process and Properties of Electroless Ni-P-Al2O3 Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy.

To improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coating on magnesium (Mg) alloy. Ni-P-Al2O3 coatings were produced on Mg alloy from a composite plating bath. The optimum Al2O3 concentration was determined by the properties of plating bath and coatings. Morphology growth evolution of Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings at different times was observed by using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results show that nano-Al2O3 particles may slow down the replacement reaction of Mg and Ni2+ in the early stage of the deposition process, but it has almost no effect on the rate of Ni-P auto-catalytic reduction process. The anti-corrosion and micro-hardness tests of coatings reveal that the Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings exhibit better performance compared with Ni-P coating owing to more appropriate crystal plane spacing and grain size of Ni-P-Al2O3 coatings. Thermal shock test indicates that the Al2O3 particles have no effect on the adhesion of coatings. In addition, the service life of composite plating bath is 4.2 metal turnover, suggesting it has potential application in the field of magnesium alloy.

Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals with different acid anhydrides for improved dispersion in poly(butylene succinate).

Hydrophilic cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are typically poorly dispersed in non-polar polymer matrices and, hence, a method for the surface modification of CNC is developed for improving this dispersion. This method included an esterification reaction with acetic anhydride, butyric anhydride, and caproic anhydride. The particle size distribution (range of sizes: 80-310 nm) of CNC was determined. The SEM-EDAX indicated that (i) the structure of CNC was maintained even after incorporation of the acid anhydride and (ii) the carbon C content of modified-CNC was higher than that of pure CNC. The chemical structure of modified-CNC was identified via FT-IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The contact angle of CNC and modified-CNC with water and methylene iodide was measured. The surface energy of modified-CNC was lower than that of pure CNC. Thermal-property measurements indicated that the initial decomposition temperature (based on 5 wt%) of the modified-CNC was slightly higher than that of CNC. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composites were obtained by mixing modified-CNC into a PBS matrix via simple melt blending of a double screw. The PBS/modified-CNC composites were investigated via DSC and XRD. Tensile testing indicated that the tensile modulus improved gradually with increasing modified-CNC content, whereas the elongation at fracture decreased.

Mir-218 contributes to the transformation of 5-Aza/GF induced umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into hematopoietic cells through the MITF pathway.

Experiments with 5'-azacytidine and hematopoietic growth factor approved for the transformation of human mesenchymal cells into hematopoietic cells have demonstrated that cell fate can be dramatically altered by changing the epigenetic state of cells. Here, we demonstrate that umbilical cord-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (uMSC) are easily accessible and could be induced into cells with hematopoietic function. Furthermore, we focused on the crucial miRNAs and relative transcription factors (TFs) in our study. We show that combined Aza/GF incubation can increase expression of miR-218, miR-150, and miR-451. Accordingly, miR-218 overexpression achieved an increase in expression of CD34 (3-13%), CD45 (50-65%), CD133 and c-Kit in uMSCs that cultured with Aza/GF. The expression of the relevant transcriptional factors, such as HoxB4 and NF-Ya, was higher than in the negative control group or miR-218 inhibitor transfected group, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is regarded to be a direct target of miR-218, as demonstrated by luciferase assays. Overexpression of miR-218 might, in conjunction with the MITF, upregulate the expression of NF-Ya and HoxB4, which induce a hematopoietic state. We concluded that miR-218 might have a role in the transformation of hematopoietic cells through the MITF pathway.